Kaitiaki Maamaa, Puna o te Ora
I te tere haere o te ahumahi me te noho tāone, kua nui haere te parahanga o te taiao wai me ngā rauemi wai i roto i te tukunga para. He nui ngā matū kino kei roto i ngā para ahumahi me ngā para kāinga kāore i tukatukahia, kāore rānei i te kounga pai, pērā i ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā poke matū me ngā mate urutā. Ehara i te mea ka whakangaro noa ēnei matū i te taurite o te pūnaha wai, ka arahi ki te whakamomona o ngā wai me te whakaiti i te kanorau koiora, engari ka whakatuma hoki i te haumaru o ngā puna wai inu, ka aukati i te whanaketanga pumau o te ahuwhenua, te hī ika me te ahumahi, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu o te whakahaere hapori me te whakaora taiao. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakapakari i ngā mahi aroturuki me te aukati i te parahanga wai hei whakarite i te haumarutanga o ngā rauemi wai, hei pupuri i te taiao taiao me te pumau o te hapori..
TONO
01 Te aroturuki i te kounga o te wai rere
Ko te putanga wai te ara tika mō te wai para ki te uru ki ngā wai taiao. Nō reira, ko te aroturukitanga pakari o te kounga o te wai i te putanga he mahi matua hei whakahaere i ngā pūtake parahanga me te whakarite i te kounga o ngā wai o raro. Ko te aroturukitanga o te putanga wai e aro ana ki ngā putanga wai pūwāhi pērā i ngā whare tukatuka wai para o te tāone, ngā putanga wai umanga, me ngā putanga wai ua. Mā te aroturukitanga auau, mā te aroturukitanga tonu rānei, ka taea te whakarite kei te tutuki te kounga o te wai kua tukuna ki ngā paerewa ā-motu, ā-rohe rānei, ā, ka kitea wawetia, ka whakatikahia hoki ngā putanga wai nui rawa.
- Te hiahia matū mō te hāora (COD): he tohu nui hei ine i te nui o ngā mea rauropi i roto i te wai.
- Te hiahia hāora matū koiora (BOD): e whakaata ana i te nui o ngā mea rauropi pirau-ora i roto i te wai.
- Hauota haukini (NH₃-N): Ka aromatawai i te kukū o ngā matū hauota i roto i ngā wai. Ka taea e te nui rawa o te hauota te arahi ki te whakamomona o ngā wai.
- Whōkawa katoa (TP): Pērā i te hauota haukini, ka taea hoki e te whōkawa nui te whakapōrearea i ngā wai.
- Ngā totoka whakatārewatia (SS): E tohu ana i ngā mea totoka kāore anō kia rewa i roto i te wai, pērā i te paru, ngā matūriki rauropi, me ētahi atu.
- Uara pH: Ka ine i te pH o te wai. Ka pāngia te oranga o ngā mea ora i roto i te wai e te nui rawa, e te iti rawa rānei.
- Hāora Wairewa (DO): He mea nui mō te pupuri i ngā rauropi wai, engari ka mate pea ngā ika i te iti o te DO.
02. Te aroturuki i te kounga o te wai i te taha whakarunga me te taha whakararo o ngā awa
Ko ngā awa ngā kaikawe matua o te wai mata, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga o te kounga o te wai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o runga me raro e whakaata tika ana i te āhua o te parahanga i roto i te puna. Ko te kounga o te wai o runga e whakatau ana i te haumaru o te wai o ngā wāhi o raro; ko te kounga o te wai o raro e whakaata whānui ana i te taumaha parahanga o te puna katoa. Mā te aroturukitanga roa o ngā wāhanga maha o runga me raro o te awa, ka taea te aromatawai i te whānuitanga me te nui o te awe o ngā pūtake parahanga, ka whakarato i te pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakatakoto rautaki whakahaere me te tiaki rauemi wai e tika ana.
- Ngā tawhā kounga wai tuku iho: tae atu ki te uara pH, te pāmahana, te kawe hiko, te hāora rewa (DO), te pōuriuri, me ētahi atu. Mā ēnei tawhā ka taea te mārama wawe ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te wai.
- Ngā tote matūkai: pērā i te hauota haukini (NH₃-N), te hauota pākawa (NO₃), te nitrite (NO₂), me te whākōkī katoa (TP), e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te mōrearea o te whakamomona wai o ngā wai.
- Ngā poke rauropi: pērā i te hiahia hāora matū (COD) me te hiahia hāora matū koiora (BOD), e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te taumata o te poke o ngā mea rauropi.
03 Te aroturuki i te kounga wai o te roto me te puna wai
Ehara i te mea he rahui wai māori nui ngā roto me ngā puna wai anake, engari ko te puna matua hoki o te wai inu i roto i te maha o ngā tāone me ngā taiwhenua. Nā te mea he kati rawa, ina poke, he uaua te whakaora. Nō reira, me aroturuki tonu te kounga o te wai o ēnei wai mō te wā roa, me te aro nui ki ngā take pēnei i te eutrophication me te parahanga konganuku taumaha. Hei tāpiri, ka āta huri te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā roto me ngā puna wai, engari ina heke, ka pāngia ngā pūnaha rauropi me te hauora o te tangata mō te wā roa.
- Ngā tote matūkai: pērā i te hauota haukini (NH₃-N), te hauota pākawa (NO₃), te nitrite (NO₂), me te whākōkī katoa (TP), e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te mōrearea o te whakamomona wai o ngā wai.
- Mārama: Mā te ine i te mārama o te wai, ka taea te aromatawai ā-kore i te paru me te maha o ngā rimurimu o te wai.
- Hāora Wairewa (HW): He mea nui mō te pupuri i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, inā koa i ngā pāmahana tiketike i te raumati. Tērā pea ka mate ngā ika i te hāora wairewa iti. Uara pH: Ka ine i te pH o te wai. Ka pāngia te oranga o ngā mea ora wai mēnā he nui rawa, he iti rawa rānei.
- Ngā poke rauropi: pērā i te hiahia hāora matū (COD) me te hiahia hāora matū koiora (BOD), e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te taumata o te poke o ngā mea rauropi.
04 Te aroturuki i te kounga o te wai whenua
He rauemi wai huna nui tēnei, ā, he mahi nui tā te wai whenua hei pupuri i te taurite o te taiao me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia wai o te tangata. Heoi anō, ka pāngia ngā rauemi wai whenua e te paru mai i ngā maniua ahuwhenua, te turuturu o ngā patu pepeke, te turuturu o ngā wai para ahumahi me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Nā te puhoi o te whakahounga o te wai whenua, ina poke, he tino uaua te whakaora. Nō reira, mā te aroturuki roa i te kounga o te wai whenua ka taea te whakatūpato wawe i ngā tūponotanga parahanga pea, me te tiaki i tēnei rauemi utu nui.
- Ngā tawhā kounga wai tuku iho: tae atu ki te uara pH, te kawe hiko, te whakarewatanga (DO), te pāmahana, me ētahi atu, e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te wai whenua.
- Ngā tote matūkai: pērā i te hauota haukini (NH₃-N), te hauota pākawa (NO₃), te hauota nitrite (NO₂), me te whākōkī katoa (TP), e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai mēnā kua poke te wai whenua i ngā puna ahuwhenua kore-ira.
- Ngā konganuku taumaha: pērā i te mata, te mercury, te cadmium, te chromium, me ētahi atu, inā koa mō ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā mahi ahumahi.
- Ko ngā matū waro ngawari (VOC): pērā i te benzene, te toluene, te xylene, me ētahi atu, ka kitea pinepine i ngā ahumahi hinu-matū, hikohiko me ētahi atu ahumahi.
- Ngā matū waro haurua-pohehe (SVOC): Pērā i ngā hauwaiwaro kakara polycyclic (PAHS), ngā biphenyls polychlorinated (PCB), me ētahi atu. He tino pumau ēnei matū i roto i te taiao, ā, he uaua ki te pirau.
Kohikohi me te tuku
Hei whakarite i te tika me te mahi tūturu o te aroturuki i te parahanga o te kounga wai, me whakamahi ngā pūoko kounga wai ahokore. Ka whakamahi a Mingkong i ngā pūoko tino tika hei ine i ngā tawhā kounga wai (pēnei i te COD, te BOD, te hauota haukini, te whākōkī katoa, me ētahi atu) huri noa i te putanga, i ngā pari whakarunga me ngā pari whakararo o te awa. (ngā konganuku taumaha, me ētahi atu), ka tautokohia e te taputapu ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero Netcom 4G, NB rānei e toru hei uru atu ki ngā raraunga aroturuki ki te tūāpapa aroturuki mā te whatunga ahokore 4G, NB rānei, kia taea ai e te tūāpapa aroturuki me ngā kaiwhakamahi waea pūkoro te whiwhi mōhiohio kounga wai tika i te wā tika, kia pai ai te whakahaere, kia pai ai hoki te tūāpapa mō te whakatau kaupapa.
Te hiranga o te hanga
1. Whakapūmau i te haumarutanga o ngā rauemi wai
Mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o te kounga wai o te pūnaha rerenga wai ka whakarite i te haumaru o ngā puna wai inu, ka tiaki i te hauora o te marea, ā, ka ārai i te horapa o ngā mate.
2. Whakatairanga i te tiaki taiao
Whakaitihia ngā tukunga parahanga, whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai, tiaki i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, me te whakarei ake i te kounga o te taiao rauropi tāone.
3. Whakapai ake i ngā āheinga urupare ohorere
Whakatūpato wawe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere taiao, tautoko raraunga wā-tūturu, ā, āwhina i ngā tari e tika ana kia tere te mahi i ngā mahi ohorere whai hua.
4. Whakapai ake i te taumata whakahaere tāone
Mā te aroturuki atamai ka āwhina i te whakahaere tika, ka arotau i te tohatoha rauemi, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere parahanga taiao.
Ngā kēhi o mua
Kaupapa aroturuki kounga wai para o ngā hōhipera tāone
Kei te Tāone o Yancheng, Porowini o Jiangsu tēnei kaupapa. Ko te nuinga o te kaupapa he aro turuki i te kounga o te wai para o ngā hōhipera. Kei roto i ngā wai para o ngā hōhipera he maha ngā matū kino (pēnei i ngā toenga rongoā, ngā mate urutā, me ētahi atu), e tū hei tūmomo mōrearea ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. Me whakarite kia aro turukihia te tukunga wai para o ngā hōhipera i te wā tūturu, kia kitea me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga rerekē i te wā tika, kia whakaatuhia me te tātari raraunga i te wā tūturu mā te tūāpapa aro turuki, ā, kia tautoko i te matapae i ngā au me ngā whakaoho rerekē.
Ka piri mātou ki te "taura ora" o te tāone, ā, ka whakarite i te haumaru o ngā puna wai inu mā te aroturuki i te kounga o te wai i te wā tūturu, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga parahanga, te tiaki i ngā rauropi wai, me te whakatairanga i te tiaki taiao. Mā te whakahaere atamai o te pūnaha aroturuki ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere tāone, ka arotau i te tohatoha rauemi, ka whakarei ake i ngā āheinga urupare ohorere ki ngā āhuatanga ohorere taiao, ka whakarei ake i te manawanui o te tāone, ā, ka tutuki ngā rautaki roa mō te whanaketanga pumau.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-27-2024